Are Adventists really Christian? Are they authentic Trinitarians?

Shield of the Trinity

Until recently, in my mind Seventh-day Adventism was a Christian denomination. An odd one, with strange beliefs that are contrary to biblical teaching, but Christian nonetheless. That opinion is changing. I think that the Catholic Church should investigate Seventh-day Adventism more fully, and consider conditionally baptising anyone entering the Church if their previous baptism was an Adventist one.

Previously I blogged on another non-Christian characteristic of Adventism, their clinging to the Old Covenant and confusion about where the New Covenant fits into their theology. Galatians 4 seems to classify Adventists along with Muslims and Jews, as Hagar clinging to the law given at Sinai, while Christians, or mainstream Christianity, is Sarah, who accepts the promises of Christ. I asked elsewhere if Adventism teaches a deficient Gospel.

Discussion with former Adventists and current Adventists has led me to rethink the Seventh-day Adventist claim to be truly Trinitarian Christianity. This has profound implications. If Adventism is not truly Trinitarian in the mainstream Christian sense, it would not, according to Christianity’s self-description, be a Christian religion. Like Islam and Jehovah’s Witnesses, it would be a non-Christian religion or, at best, a semi-Christian religion.

Christianity self-defines as Trinitarian, believing in one God, one divine being with one substance, in three distinct and inseparable persons, all co-equal, co-eternal, with Jesus Christ being God the Son, fully human and fully God.

When you read Adventist writings, they often present one with three beings, a created or inferior Jesus who is seldom called God the Son, one God family consisting of three individuals, and so forth.

James and Ellen White

The Church of God movement that began with Herbert Armstrong’s Worldwide Church of God taught something similar, but more openly. Christianity never recognised these groups as Christian. Essentially they were polytheists, believing in two beings that formed one God family. It’s worth noting that if God is one due to being a single family, then the Father is not completely God, and the Son is not completely God – because if they are indeed completely God, then they are two Gods, i.e. polytheism. One is stuck with either two Gods (polytheism) or with one God (the union as a family) with each component less than fully God, i.e. demigods of some sort.

Armstrong’s legacy lives on in an alphabet of “CoG” entities who have various letters of the alphabet attached before “CoG” or “CG”. ACG and LCG and PCG and so forth. The Worldwide Church of God eventually collapsed, losing a lot of members to the alphabet Churches of God, with the core entity re-emerging as a truly Christian and evangelical Protestant denomination known as Grace Communion International.

Adventism’s return to Christianity from its Arian origins was much slower, and is still an ongoing process today. Officially, Adventism claims to be truly Trinitarian, but it should be pointed out that their official statement of beliefs, the 28 fundamental beliefs, is, according to some former Adventists, quite possibly lacking in clarity regarding their true understanding of God and Jesus Christ. Perhaps that is deliberately so, to allow for the inclusion of the non-Trinitarian Adventists, and Adventists who believe Jesus was a created being and/or an inferior God to God the Father.

Adventist theologian Samuele Bacchiocchi acknowledged Adventism’s Arian and non-Trinitarian origins:

“It is noteworthy that Jehovah’s Witnesses as well as the various churches stemming from Church of God Seventh Day (Worldwide Church of God, United Church of God, Church of God International, etc.), inherited the view of Christ as the first creature of God from our own Seventh-day Adventist Church. The reason is that they left our Adventist church prior to our acceptance of the doctrine of the TRINITY.

Concerned Adventists who reject the TRINITY because some of our pioneers were anti-triniterian, fail to recognize that our pioneers gradually understood Bible truths. It took them years to sort out what was biblical and what was unbiblical in the teachings of their previous denominations.”
– Source: Endtime Issues 134

This was not a case of Adventist pioneers gradually understanding the truth. This was a case of Adventist pioneers slowly pulling themselves out of a pit of false teaching that the rest of Christianity had left behind centuries ago. In order to reach the point where the pioneers were Arians and non-Trinitarians, they had to lose an incredible amount of truth, including their very ability to be classified as an authentic Christian denomination.

Today there seems to be a lot of confusion within Adventism, with some groups being authentically Trinitarian and therefore authentically Christian, and other groups within the same denomination falling outside of true Christianity. As a denomination, Adventism is a bit of a mystery to me on this core issue.

Are they a Christian denomination that contains fringe groups, or are they a non-Christian religion that contains groups with an authentic Christian theology?

The Holy Trinity, by Simon Czechowicz

This needs answering. The Catholic Church regards the baptisms of authentically Trinitarian Christian denominations as valid. That means if you were baptised as a Lutheran or Methodist or Anglican or Baptist, your baptism was an authentic Christian baptism. (Seventh-day Adventist baptisms are currently included in this group in many places.) If, on the other hand, you were baptised as a Mormon or Jehovah’s Witness, your baptism was not an authentic Christian baptism and you need to be welcomed into the Christian fold as any non-Christian would – with a valid baptism. With some variation here and there, this approach is followed by most authentic Christian groups, not just Catholicism.

Does this need to change? Should we be err on the side of caution and conditionally baptise those entering the Church if they have only been baptised previously as Adventists? Should we outright reject their baptisms and consider them unbaptised, as we do with Mormons and Jehovah’s Witnesses entering the Church?

I am uncertain. I can see clearly that there is a significant Arian group within Adventism. I can see clearly that there is a significant non-Trinitarian group within Adventism. There are definitely “Trinitarian” writings by Adventist leaders and theologians that are non compatible with authentic Christian Trinitarianism … largely due to their continued use of ambiguous and faulty terminology used by Ellen White and other Adventist pioneers. Clarity is needed, and I hope it can come from the Seventh-day Adventist church itself. But until that time comes, I think a re-assessment of Adventism is needed – by the Catholic Church, and by our fellow Christians the Protestants (and by the Orthodox if fringe groups in the West interest them).

On one hand, I can see all the ambiguity and confusion and disagreement within the Seventh-day Adventist church on this issue. On the other hand, I am hesitant to agree with ex-Adventists who have already reached the conclusion I do more than hint at in this post. Ex-Catholics with opinions on Catholicism are very often completely ignorant as to what the Catholic Church really teaches and practices. But that is not my opinion of the Catholic ex-Adventists I discuss these things with. And some, but not all, of these share that conclusion.

So, to close, here are some important articles to read:

Adventist articles:

• Digging Deeper: Article series on the Trinity – Adventist Review, July 2018 (part of the Digging Deeper series)
  • So What? 3 = 1 is not bad math – by Gerald A. Klingbeil
  • Knowing God, Loving God – The doctrine of the Trinity doesn’t have to be understood to be appreciated – by Joel Ridgeway
  • Understanding the Trinity – A doctrine I used to doubt – by Denis Kaiser
  • Looking At The Uncreated One – His uniqueness and mystery – by Ángel Manuel Rodríguez
  • God’s Everlasting Gobstopper – We need a God who can’t be explained or trivialized – by Greg Milton
• Digging Deeper: The Trinity (July 2018) – Adventist Review podcast, July 2018
• Adventist Anti-trinitarianism And Alexandrian Theology – by Darius W. Jankiewicz, Adventist Review, July 2018
• The Godhead for Seventh-day Adventists – by Eugene Prewitt
• Adventist Fundamental Beliefs – God – Seventh-day Adventist church
• The Quest for a Biblical Trinity: Ellen White’s “Heavenly Trio” Compared to the Traditional Doctrine – by Jerry Moon, Andrews University Theological Seminary
• Ellen White and Arianism – by Ellen White Answers
• Arianism, Adventism and Methodism: The Healing of Trinitarian Teaching and Soteriology – by Woodrow Whidden, Andrews University
• Tradition and Adventist Beliefs – by Samuele Bacchiocchi, in Endtime Issues 134
• Our Adventist Church is to Be Commended for its Courage to Abandon an Erroneous Prophetic Interpretation – by Samuele Bacchiocchi, in Endtime Issues 144
• Implications of the Trinity Doctrine on your faith – “amredeemed” website (fringe Adventist, strongly anti-Trinity, and dishonestly anti-Catholic)

Ellen White’s signature

Ex-Adventist articles:

• Adventism’s Love-Hate Relationship with the Trinity – by Colleen Tinker, Life Assurance Ministries, July 2018 (a review of the Digging Deeper podcast)
• Does Seventh-day Adventism Teach the Trinity? – by Jeremy J. Graham
• Is Michael Jesus Christ? – by Robert K. Sanders, Truth or Fables
• Is Jesus Christ the Lord God Almighty? – by Robert K. Sanders, Truth or Fables
• Adventism’s Fundamental Belief #2 – Trinity or tritheism? – by Rick Barker, Proclamation Magazine, Life Assurance Ministries
• Adventism’s Fundamental Belief #3 – The Father: Spirit or Body – by Rick Barker, Proclamation Magazine, Life Assurance Ministries
• Adventism’s Fundamental Belief #4 – The Son: Seated or judging – by Rick Barker, Proclamation Magazine, Life Assurance Ministries
• Adventism’s Fundamental Belief #5 – The Holy Spirit: Person or force – by Rick Barker, Proclamation Magazine, Life Assurance Ministries

See also on this blog:

• Does Adventism teach a deficient Gospel?
• Galatians 4: Adventists are Hagar, Christians are Sarah
• When did Adventism lose the truth?
• The original Adventists
• Thus saith Ellen, part 3 – Jesus is not God
• Questions on Doctrine
• Is Jesus God? Part 1
• Is Jesus God? Part 2
• Is Jesus God? Part 3

And lastly, by analogy, are Mormons Christians:

• Dialogue with an Atheist: Are Mormons Christians? – by Dave Armstrong
• Christianity = Love (Orthopraxy) + Correct Doctrine (Mormonism?) – by Dave Armstrong
• Mormonism Isn’t Christian / Definition of Christianity – by Dave Armstrong